抗生素英文课件精品Antibiotics（70p）.pptVIP

Antibiotics Hugh B. Fackrell Filename: antibiot.ppt Outline History Ideal properties Sources “Sulfas” Antimetabolites antibiotic synergism Major Groups of antibiotics Mechanisms of action History Salvarsan 606 Prontosil Penicillin Salvarsan 606 Paul Ehrlich early 1900’s syphilis arsenic + organic compound Aniline dyes - wasnt able to find the magic bullet” Prontosil 1930s, Gerhard Domagk Prontosil 1935, Jacques and Therese Trefoncel discovered that the active compound in Prontosil was Sulfanilamide sulfanilamide “ Sulfas” Penicillin 1928, Alexander Fleming antibacterial activity in Penicillium mold (called it Penicillin) 1938, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain developed Penicillin as an effective antibiotic Antimicrobial Therapy Antimicrobics substances produced by microbes that inhibit other microbes Semi-synthetic antibiotics naturally produced but altered Synthetic antibiotics: derived from chemicals Ideal Properties of an Antibiotic Low toxicity for patient kills the invading microorganism without damaging the host no adverse side reactions non allergenic High toxicity for microbe bactericidal not bacteriostatic broad spectrum Low risk of other infections More Characteristics drug can be administered orally or parenterally (by injection) Soluble in tissue fluids absorbed by and dissolved in tissues or body fluids levels of active drug sustained long enough to kill the invading agent Long “Shelf” life Still More Characteristics Low probability of resistance Microbial drug resistance develops slowly microbicidal rather than microbistatic Not inactivated by organic material Assists the host in eliminating the infecting microbe Not a powerful allergen Sources of Antibiotics Most spore-forming microorganisms Fungi Penicillium penicillin, Cephalosporium griseofulvin Bacteria Bacillus bacitracin, polymyxin, tyrothricin, colimycin, gramicidin Streptomycetes Aminoglycosides, nystatin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracylcine... Mechanisms of Drug Action inhibit ce