Ankle Fractures - Orthopaedic Trauma Association：踝关节骨折，骨科创伤协会.ppt

* A medial injury is thought to be required for a syndesmotic injury to alter loading [Boden JBJS 1989] * Plain radiographic reduction parameters may be inadequate for assessing the quality of reduction [Gardner FAI 2006]. That stated, the definition of an anatomic syndesmosis is variable in the literature…likely secondary to individual variability in anatomy. Instability should be assessed after osseous injuries have been stabilized. Instability of the syndesmosis has a prerequisite of a medial injury that is not treated [superficial or deep deltoid tear]. It should not be evaluated until the remaining portions of the ankle have been fixed. * The idea behind dorsiflexing the ankle prior to clamping the syndesmosis is based on the concept that the talus is shaped like a frustrum [wider anteriorly than posteriorly] such that clamping in plantarflexion could allow for overconstraining the ankle. The original recommendations came from a single cadaveric article using 1NM of force. This was challenged by Tornetta et al in the above noted study. Dorsiflexion was measured in 19 cadavers before syndesmotic screw placement and after placing a 4.5mm lag screw with the ankle in plantarflexion. There was no significant difference. He postulated that dorsiflexion is not necessary [i.e. overconstraint doesn’t occur]. While not necessary, dorsiflexion may still be useful at times to center the talus in the mortise. * Obtaining a reduction is important. The question is how to do so. There has been recent concern that we were malreducing more than we originally thought [i.e. that intraoperative radiographic parameters may be deceiving]. This concern was based on evaluating the syndesmotic reduction of treated disruptions by using a postoperative CT scan with a specific definition of an anatomic syndesmosis. This definition was based on a symmetric distance between the fibula and the incisura at the anterior and posterior portion of the syndesmosis. This definition has