Digital Imaging of Photographs - Indiana University ：照片-印第安那大学数字成像.ppt

Digital Imaging of Photographs Jenn Riley IU Digital Library Program September 19, 2003 What we’ll cover Introduction Technical overview Best practices for capture Workflow considerations What we’ll cover Introduction Technical overview Best practices for capture Workflow considerations Digitization in context Can be one of the easier parts of digital projects but still requires careful planning If it’s done poorly your whole project will suffer Can be done in-house or outsourced Types of photographic materials Reflective Prints Transparent (film) Negative Positive All come in various sizes What we’ll cover Introduction Technical overview Best practices for capture Workflow considerations Technical overview Analog to digital conversion Resolution Bit depth Color Compression Analog to digital conversion Image is converted to a series of pixels laid out in a grid Each pixel has a specific color, represented by a sequence of 1s and 0s Pixel-based images are called “raster” images or “bitmaps” Resolution (1) Often referred to as “dpi” or “ppi” RATIO of number of pixels captured per inch of original photo size 8x10 print scanned at 300ppi = 2400 x 3000 pixels 35mm slide (24x36mm!) scanned at 300ppi ≈ 212 x 318 pixels Resolution (2) “Spatial resolution” refers to pixel dimensions of image, e.g., 3000 x 2400 pixels Flatbed and film scanners have a fixed focus, so they know how big the original is; digital cameras don’t Resolution (3) Optical vs. interpolated Optical is the number of sensors in the scanning array – what the scanner actually “sees” Interpolated is a higher resolution - the number of pixels the software can make up based on what the scanner actually saw Don’t set a scanner to use higher than its optical resolution Bit depth (1) Refers to number of bits (binary digits, places for zeroes and ones) devoted to storing color information about each pixel 1 bit (1) = 21 = 2 shades (black white) 2 bit (01) = 22 = 4 shades 4 bit (0010) = 24 = 16 shades 8 bit (110