【医药健康】腹壁 Abdominal wall.ppt

Abdominal wall腹壁 山东大学医学院解剖教研室 Boundaries of the abdomen Boundaries Superiorly－ xiphoid process, lower border of costal arch, 11th and 12th ribs, vertebra T12 Inferiorly－superior border of pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, fold of inguinal canal, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, spinous process of L5 The abdominal regions 腹部分区——Nine regions The abdominal regions 腹部分区——Four quadrants Landmarks of abdomen Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle Iliac crest Umbiicus Linea semilunaris Transpyloric plane Anterolateral abdominal wall Layers ( from superficial to deep) Skin Superficial fascia Anterolateral muscles Transverse fascia 腹横筋膜 Extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜下筋膜 Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 Anterolateral abdominal wall Superficial fascia －divisions below umbilicus Fatty layer (Camper’s fascia) continuous with the superficial fascia over the rest of the body. Membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia) passes over the inguinal ligament to fuse the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) approximately one fingerbreadth below the inguinal ligament. In the midline, it is not attached to the pubis but instead from a tubular sheath for the penis (clitoris). In the perineum, it is attaches on each side to the margins of the pubic arch and is know as Colles’ fascia. Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves Arteries Superficial epigastric a. Superficial iliac circumflex a. Veins Thoracoepigastric v. Superficial epigastric v. Cutaneous nerves Anterior and lateral cutaneous n. of lower six thoracic Iliohypogastric n. (first lumb nerves) Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves Lymph drainge Superficial lymph vessels above the level of the umbilicus grain upward into the pectoral Ln. The vessels below this level drain downward into the superficial inguinal Ln. Muscles of abdomen Muscles of abdomen Anterolateral group Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌 Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Transversus abdominis 腹横肌 Rectus abdominis 腹直肌 Mus