file1.foodmate.net_lesson_05_1.ppt课件.ppt

Chapter 20, part A Antimicrobial Drugs Antimicrobial Drugs Chemotherapy The use of drugs to treat a disease Antimicrobial drugs Interfere with the growth of microbes within a host Antibiotic Substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe Selective toxicity A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host 1928 – Fleming discovered penicillin, produced by Penicillium. 1940 – Howard Florey and Ernst Chain performed first clinical trials of penicillin. The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs Broad-spectrum Superinfection Bactericidal Bacteriostatic The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Penicillin Natural penicillins Semisynthetic penicillins Penicillins Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Penicillin Penicilinase-resistant penicillins Extended-spectrum penicillins Penicillins + ?-lactamase inhibitors Carbapenems Monobactam Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Cephalosporins 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generations more effective against gram-negatives Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Polypeptide antibiotics Bacitracin Topical application Against gram-positives Vancomycin Glycopeptide Important last line against antibiotic resistant S. aureus Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Antimycobacterium antibiotics Isoniazid (INH) Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis Ethambutol Inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Chloramphenicol Broad spectrum Binds 50S subunit, inhibits peptide bond formation Aminoglycosides Streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin Broad spectrum Changes shape of 30S subunit Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Tetracyclines Broad spectrum Interferes with tRNA attachment Macrolides