2、Arthrology 关节学英文PPT.ppt

Joints of free upper limb ★Shoulder joint (ball and socket) Bones: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula Head: biger surface glenoid cavity: small, shallow Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilaginous ring on periphery of glenoid cavity Shoulder joint Capsule: Thin and lax, especially lower part Attachments: proximal to glenoid labrum; distal to anatomical neck of humerus, except inferior part, where it is slightly distal to surgical neck Strengthened superiorly and posteriorly by capsular bends and extracapsular and intracapsular structures. Coracohumeral ligament ：runs from coracoid process to greater tubercle tendinous tuff: superior glenohumeral ligaments Tendon of long head of biceps brachii passes though the cavity Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction most movable joint No muscles to protect anteroinferior, the dislocation of humeral head usually occurs here, usually with the arm abducted. If with the humeral presses against, may tear the anteroinferior aspect of the capsule. ★ Elbow joint : compoud synovail joint Bones: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna Humeroulnar joint: formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch (hinge) Humeroradial joint: formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius (ball and socket) Proximal radioulnar joint: formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulna Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments Ligaments: Radial collateral ligament: attached to lateral epicondyle and annular ligament of radius Ulnar collateral ligament: attached to medial epicondyle to medial border of trochlear notch Annular ligament of radius: attached to anterior and posterior margins of radial notch of ulna, surrounds the head of radius Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination on the arm of child under the age of 8 years old may subluxate the rad