神经系统英3.pptxVIP

Major function of nervous system;;A person steps on a thumbtack. The breaking of the skin is translated into signals that travel up sensory nerve fibers. In the spinal cord, the information is distributed to interneurons. Some send axons to the brain, where the painful sensation is registered. Other synapse on motor neurons, which send descending signals to the muscles. The motor commands lead to muscle contraction and withdrawal of the foot.;;3、 Central excitation (中枢兴奋); never impulse（动作电位）--轴突末梢--突触前膜去极化--电压门控Ca2+通道开放(Na+膜通道也开放)—膜外Ca2+进入胞浆—末梢中Ca2+浓度增高(作为胞内信使)--突触小泡向前膜移动并与前膜融合--出胞作用--递质释放到突触间隙(Ca2+ 被快速清除, 线粒体摄取或被Ca2+ 泵泵出)--突触后膜受体--突触后膜某些离子通道开放--离子跨膜运动--后膜去极化(EPSP)或超极化(IPSP )-突触后神经元兴奋或抑制。 (神经递质可被酶降解或被astrocyte reuptake 或被突触前神经末梢摄取) 因此，突触后神经元电活动变化可表现为两种情况:;Excitatory postsynaptic potential ( EPSP) (兴奋性突触后电位);Inhibitory postsynaptic potential(IPSP) (抑制性突触后电位);1;2;4、 Central inhibition （中枢抑制）;突触后抑制的类型;;presynaptic inhibition;5、Characteristics of central exciting transmisson;B.Conducting excitement (传导兴奋)