免疫学introductionPPT.ppt

Advanced Immunology; Introduction ;Textbook 《医学免疫学》，金伯泉主编，2008年第五版，人民卫生出版社出版。 References Abul K. Abbas and Andrew H. Lichtman. Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System. 3rd Ed. Elsevier Saunders. 2010;Introduction;Immunity;4.Immune response: the coordinated reaction of the molecules and cells in the immune system to a foreign agent. Benefits: protect the host from diseases Damaging effects: cause tissue damage 5.Immunology is the study of the ways in which the body defends itself from infectious agents and other foreign substances in its environment.;Immune Response;Innate immunity;Innate immune response;Innate immune response;Innate immune response;Although innate immunity can effectively combat many infections, microbes that pathogenic for human have evolved to resist innate immunity. Defense against these infections is the task of the adaptive immune response, and this is why defects in the adaptive immune system result in increased susceptibility to infections.;Adaptive immune response;Types of adaptive immunity;;The principal mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity;Properties of adaptive immune response;The clonal selection hypothesis. Mature lymphocytes with receptors for many antigens develop before encounter with these antigens. Each antigen selects and activates a preexisting specific clone.;Memory: the immune system mounts larger and more effective responses to repeated exposures to the same antigen. That optimizes the ability of the immune system to combat recurrent or persistent infections. Memory is one of the reasons why vaccines confer long-lasting protection against infections. Primary immune response: the response to first exposure to the antigen, which is mediated by na?ve lymphocytes. Secondary immune response: the responses to subsequent exposures to the same antigen. That is the result of activation of memory lymphocytes which are long-lived cells induced in the primary immune response.;Specificity and memory i