分子生物学Chapter 1 绪论PPT.pptVIP

Welcome!;分 子 生 物 学 ;一、什么是分子生物学？;狭义分子生物学：在分子水平上研究基因结构和活动的学科。 Gene concept 基因概念 Gene structure 基因结构 Gene replication 基因复制 Gene expression 基因表达 Gene recombination 基因重组 Gene mutation 基因突变;二、发 展 简 史;分子生物学理论形成阶段;Double-helical DNA Model（Nature, April.25，1953）;Waston Crick;;Jocob Monod;Sugar(s) in Growth Medium;1961，Jacob Monod: 研究大肠杆菌的乳糖利用时提出乳糖操纵子（Lac operon）模型。 ;操纵子模型（Operon Model）;;中 心 法 则(The central dogma);理论纵深发展技术发展和应用;The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA ;The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method;;基因组：测序和比较研究;人（Human ）vs 黑猩猩（Chimpanzee）;已完成的和正在测序的植物物种基因组;番茄 tomato Solanum lycopersicum 950 Mb 12n 松树 pine 洋葱 onion Allium cepa 15000 Mb distributed over 8 large chromosomes 芹菜Apium graveolens (celery) 11 chromosomes 石卷柏Asparagus officinalis (garden asparagus) 10 chromosomes 香蕉banana 白菜Brassica oleracea甘蓝 B. rapa白菜 B. nupus 油菜an allotetraploid (AACC genome type, 2n = 38). 芥菜Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) polyploid having AABB genome type and 18 haploid chromosomes 蓖麻Castor bean Ricinus communis ~400 Mbp 10n Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 100Mb 17n 蓝桉Eucalyptus globulus 600Mb 11n Ostreococcus lucimarinus CCE9901 13.25mb 21 n Ostreococcus tauri OTH95 12.5mb 20n Physcomitrella patens subsp. patens 511mb 27n 木薯Manihot esculenta (cassava) 760-770 Mb with 18 haploid chromosomes Root crop that grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world 甜菜Beta vulgaris (beet) 758 Mb 2N=18 茶Camellia sinensis (tea) 15 chromosomes 胡椒Capsicum annuum (pepper) 2,700 Mbp with 2n=24 chromosomes 柚子Citrus maxima (pomelo orange) 9 chromosomes 榛子Corylus avellana (hazelnut) 11 chromosomes 胡萝卜Daucus carota (carrot) 穇子Eleusine coracana (finger millet) 18 chromosomes an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) cereal Eragrostis tef (tef) 20 chromosomes C-4 metabolism 牛毛草Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue) 7 chromosomes ;已经完成测序的动物物种基因组;???、研