船舶安全管理_部分1（共计597页）.pptx

船舶安全与管理Maritime Safety Management Given By：卜仁祥第一章 船舶营运安全概论Introduction to Ship Operation Safety主要内容content:第一节 安全科学概论(Introduction to safety science)第二节 船舶营运系统(ship operation system)第三节 船舶安全管理的途径和方法(Approaches and techniques of Maritime Safety Management )第一节 安全科学概论(Introduction to safety science)安全科学概述(Summarization of Safety Science)事故致因理论(Accident-causing Theories)事故控制观(Accident-countermeasure Concept)安全科学概述(Summarization of Safety Science)安全科学起源(safety science origination)安全科学的基本要素结构(basic element of safety science)安全科学起源——安全的概念 definition of safetyDefinition given by most dictionaries:The condition of being free from safe; undergoing or causing hurt ,injury or loss.Safety professionals use : 1. Safety is a quality of a system that allows the system to function under predetermined conditions with an acceptable minimum of accidental loss. 2. Safety is a perceived quality that determine to what extent the management, engineering and operation of a system is free from of danger to life, property and environment.安全的概念(definition of safety)字典：与危险相对，没有事故、伤害发生。安全工作学者定义： 系统本身决定远离危险的程度的性质Difference of Safety security:Security: to prevent espionage, sabotage, attack or crime such as burglary or assault.Maritime security is now an integral part of IMOs responsibilities. Personal opinions 危险在一定条件下表现为事故和灾难，能否预测或避免取决于人的能力，并不是其本身性质。安全是与危险相对的概念，是危险处于可接受水平的状态——因此与人的心理状态有关。人的心理状态与社会背景有关，因此，安全与否的标准因时因地而存在差异。安全与经济对立统一安全科学起源——安全工作的发展 development of safety science随社会生产的发展，安全工作由感性向理性发展，由事故学习和事故控制转变成为以预控和过程控制为主的跨学科系统化的科学——安全系统工程(safety system engineering)即：亡羊补牢 未亡羊先补牢安全科学八五期间成为国家一级学科manmachineenvironmentcontrolbasic element frame of safety science(Man-Machine-Environment-Control)事故致因理论(Accident-causing Theories)事故因果连锁论(Domino’s Accident Model or Casual Theory of Accident ))能量意外释放理论(Accidental Energy Release Theory)轨迹交叉理论(Orbit Intersecting Theory)事故损失偶发性法则(Contingency Law of Accident Loss) Accident-causing Theories- Casual Theory of Accident 代表人物——海因里希(W.H.Heinrich)主