毕业论文外文翻译-无形资产—管理、计量和呈报.doc

Intangibles: Management, Measurement, and Reporting RD and the Growth of Business Enterprises The contribution of RD to the performance measure (profits ,sales) statistically to RD expenditures –in the current and previous periods to allow for the delayed effect of RD on business performance –and by controlling for the effect of other investments (physical assets ) on business performance. This statistical approach to empirically address issues concerning intangibles and their private and social impact was frequently used by economists and researchers in related areas. The empirical worked started with extensive historical case studies and proceeded to large sample (cross-sectional) analyses of RD on firms’ productivity and growth .The research effort yielded several important findings: ---RD expenditures contribute significantly to the productivity(value added) and output of firms ,and the estimated rates of return on RD investment are quite high ?as much as—20-35 percent annually – with the estimates varying widely across industries and over time. --- The contribution of basic research (work aimed at developing new science and technology) to corporate productivity and growth is substantially larger than the contribution of other types of RD ,such as product development and process RD(where the latter is aimed at enhancing the efficiency of production processes).The estimated contribution differential of approximately three to one in favor of basic research is particularly intriguing ,given the widespread belief that public companies have been recently curtailing expenditures on basic research, in part as a response to the skepticism of many financial analysts and institutional investors about the commercialization prospects of basic research. Basic research is, of course, more risky than applied RD (see chapter 2), but it is inconceivable that risk differentials by themselves account for a three-to-one productivity of basic research. ---The contribution of corpo