测绘学基础毕业论外文翻译.docx

英文文献翻译：Basic surveying and mappingIntroductionThe concept and classification of the first section surveying and mapping(Surveying and Mapping; SM)A concept, surveying and mapping (Surveying and Mapping; SM)Surveying and mapping is the acquisition of geographic information (the determination, collection of Italy), a scientific processing, description and application. Its contents include: Study on determination, describing the shape of the earth, size, gravity, surface morphology and their various changes, determine the natural and artificial objects, artificial facilities spatial location and attributes, made of various map (including topographic map) and the establishment of information system. Modern surveying and mapping techniques have been applied to some other planets and the moon.The concept of geographical information (Geographical information; GI): reflect the characteristics of geographical system and its factors, various information dynamic, rhythm, rhythm, cycle and distribution. The general is the image of geographic information, digital geographic information and file information. A variety of geographic information of modern geography through observation, statistics, document retrieval, aerial survey, ground measurements, the aircraft measurement for information on the surface of the earth and space condition.The concept of geographic information system (Geographical Information System; GIS): supported by computer hardware, all kinds of geographic information according to the spatial distribution, in a certain format input, storage, retrieval, update, display, graphics and comprehensive analysis of the technology system. It contains data, symbol and image etc..The concept of Measurement Science (Surveying): surveying is the study of how to determine the location of the ground plane points and elevation, the topography of the earths surface and other information of Surveying and mapping (with map and topographic map), and study the earths size and shap