粘性材料的垂直边坡土木工程毕业计外文翻译.docVIP

原文: Chapter 44 VERTICAL SLOPE IN COHESIVE MATERIAL A well known and important problem of soil mechanics is the case of a vertical cut off in a purely cohesive material (), as occurs when making a vertical excavation, or a vertical slope, see Figure 44.1. The problem to be considered in this chapter is the determination of a lower bound or an upper bound for the maximum possible height of the slope, for a material having a constant cohesive strength c, and a constant volumetric weight γ. 44.1 Lower bound In this case it is essential that the weight of the material is taken into account. The equations of equilibrium now are A simple equilibrium system is shown in Figure 44.2, consisting of three zones. On the interfaces between the zones the normal stresses parallel to these interfaces may be discontinuous, without disturbing equilibrium, see Chapter 40. The boundary conditions for the stresses are that the normal stresses and the shear stresses are zero, all along the upper surface. These conditions are exactly satis?ed by the stress ?elds indicated in Figure 44.2. This ?eld can be constructed by starting to assume that in the entire ?eld the shear stress ,because this shear stress must be zero on the two horizontal boundaries, and on the vertical slope. In order to satisfy the condition that on the vertical slope the horizontal stress, it follows from the equation of horizontal equilibrium, eq. (44.1) that this stress must be zero throughout zone I. The expressions for the vertical normal stress follow immediately from the equation of vertical equilibrium (44.2) by putting ,and using the boundary conditions at the top of the soil.The expressions for the horizontal stress in zones II and III can be chosen arbitrarily, but they must be constant in x-direction (to satisfy horizontal equilibrium), and preferably as close to as possible, to keep the maximum shear stress as small as possible. By choosing the Mohr circle in zone II, in the lower left part, reduces to a po