应用化学专业英语第十二单元WhatisAnalyticalChemistry.doc

Unit 12 What is Analytical Chemistry Perhaps the most function definition of analytical chemistry is that it is the qualitative and quantitative characterization of matter .也许对分析化学最实用的定义是：对物质进行定性和定量的表征。The word characterization is used in a very broad sense .描述这个词被广泛的使用。It may mean the identification of the chemical compounds or elements present in a sample to answer questions such as Is there any vitamin E in this shampoo as indicated on the label ?or Is this white tablet an aspirin tablet ?orIs this piece of metal iron or nickel ?它可能意味着在回答诸如“在洗发香波中是否如标签所示有维生素E”“这是一个白色阿司匹林片？”或“这块金属是铁或镍”等问题时，对样本中的化合物或元素进行鉴定。This type of characterization ,to tell us what is present is called qualitative analysis .这种类型的表征，要告诉我们什么是目前被称为的定性分析。Qualitative analysis is the identification of one or more chemical species present in a material .定性分析是鉴定一个或多个化学物质存在于一个材料中。Characterization may also mean the determination of how much of a particular compound or element is present in a sample ,to answer questions such as How much acetylsalicylic acid is in this aspirin tablet ?or How much nickel is in this steel ?描述也可能意味着测定有多少种化合物或元素存在于一个样品中，回答“水杨酸在这个阿司匹林片中含量多少”或“这块钢中含有多少镍”等这些问题。This determination of how much of a species is present in a sample is called quantitative analysis .一种物质在一个样品中含量多少的这种测定被称为定量分析。Quantitative analysis is the determination of the exact amount of a chemical species present in a sample .定量分析是测定某种化学物质在某个样品中的确切数量。The chemical species may be an element ,compound ,or ion .化学物质可能是某些元素、化合物或离子。The compound may be organic or inorganic .该药物可能有机和无机两种。Characterization can refer to the entire sample (bulk analysis ），such as the elemental composition of a piece of steel ,or to the surface of a sample (surface analysis ),such as the identification of the composition and thickness of the oxide layer that forms on the surface of most metals exposed to air and water .特性描述可能涉及到全分析，如构成一块钢的元素，或者表面分析，像鉴定绝大多数暴露在空气和水中的金属表面形成的氧化层的成分和厚度。The characterization of a material may go beyond chemical analysi