三子镜与三臂形稀疏孔径的对比研究（初稿）.doc

三子镜与三臂形稀疏孔径的对比研究 摘 要 随着空间遥感技术的发展，人们越来越追求更高分辨率的空间望远镜。根据角分辨率公式，增大望远镜主镜的直径D可以提高分辨率，但口径增大势必会造成整个系统的重量、体积和制造加工的难度增大，研发和制造的费用也会随之增大。在这种情形下，人们提出应用稀疏孔径光学系统来解决这一难题。稀疏孔径光学系统是由多个子孔径按一定规则排列、组合而成的,克服了由于光学系统口径过大造成的困扰。 本文先从实际所遇到的问题出发出发，介绍稀疏孔径的基本概念，国内、外研究发展近况，然后具体讨论三子镜和三臂形这两种稀疏孔径。具体研究方法是从初步了解结构形式，计算这两种结构的填充因子出发，然后，利用傅里叶变换方法，逐步推导出三子镜与三臂结构的调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function，MTF）Matlab软件模拟出两种结构的MTF三维图、二维图以及曲线图，再利用光学设计软件ZEMAX进行模拟成像，比较这两种结构的成像优劣，最后再分析噪声对模拟成像的影响并给出降低噪声影响的方法。 关键词：傅里叶光学；稀疏孔径；填充因子；调制传递函数（MTF） Compared Research on Three Sub-apertures and Three arms Sparse Aperture Systems With the development of remote sensing technology, the increasingly demand for high-resolution space telescopes is getting more and more urgently. According to the formula of angular resolution. The improvement of the resolution means to improve the aperture of the optical system. The increased aperture will inevitably lead to the enlargement of the overall system weight, volume and the difficulty in manufacturing process, eventually add the research and produce costs. In this situation, we applied sparse aperture optical systems to solve the problem. Sparse aperture optical system is consisted of multiple sub-apertures, which is arranged in a combination under certain rules. This optical system overcomes the problems caused by the large-diameter. The main structures of sparse aperture are annulation, Golay, three arms and etc. This paper begins with the actual problems encountered in real life, introduce the basic concepts of sparse apertures, the research and development status in domestic and foreign, and then focus on the three sub-apertures and three arms sparse apertures. The specific research methods begin with calculating fill factor of the two structures and understanding two structures preliminarily. Deriving the modulation transfer functions (MTF) of two structures by Fourier transform method gradually. By means of Matlab software, three-dimensional pictures, two-dimensional pictures and grap