湘雅儿科精品课件新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病.pptVIP

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湘雅儿科精品课件新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病.ppt

湘雅儿科精品课件新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy(HIE) Department of pediatrics 陈平洋 Purpose To be familiar with etiology, Mechanism and prevention To master clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment To understand the prognosis Summary HIE(缺氧缺血性脑病)is caused by perinatal asphyxia(围生期的窒息) HIE is a disease primarily of the term infant Etiology and Mechanism(病因与发病机制) Selective vulnerabilities(选择易损性) Occur in selected areas of the brain stem, (脑干)thalamencephalon(丘脑)and cerebellum(小脑) where metabolism is vigorous and which are most sensitive to hypoxicischemic(缺氧缺血性) injury(损伤). Who is risk baby? 1. Fetal distress in uterus(胎儿宫内窘迫) 2. ?Infants who are asphyxiated(窒息) 3.? Infants who develop postnatal(产后) asphyxiacted insults: severe pulmonary disease, apnea(呼吸暂 停), congenital heart disease(先天性心 脏病) Diagnosis 1、History Perinatal asphyxia(围生期窒息) 2、Clinical manifestation Brain injury(脑水肿) Some degree of systemic organ injury 3、Ultrasound examinations (超声检查) 4、CT scan of the brain or MRI 5、 EEG 6、 Ck-BB(肌酸磷酸激酶) Treatment 1、Control convulsions (控制惊厥) luminal(鲁米那) loading dose : 20mg/kg aequum (维持量): every time 5mg/kg 2、Control cerebral edema (控制脑水肿) ???? manicol(甘露醇): every time 0.25 ~ 0.5g/kg furosemide(速尿): every time 1mg/Kg Treatment 3、Supportive therapy(支持疗法) ① Support cardiorespiratory(循环呼吸)status: prevent hypoventilation(通气不足), hypercapnia(高碳酸血症), hypoxemia(低氧血症) ② Maintain adequate blood pressure(血压). ③ Maintain adequate blood glucose(血糖) level, acid-base and electrolyte balance(水、 电解质、酸碱平衡) ④ Fluid restriction(限制液体) 60~80ml/kg/d * * 第七章第六节 中南大学儿科学教研室 Hypoxia(低氧血症) cerebral metabolism (脑代谢)disorder acidemia . ATP Na .Ca pump function  ↓ cellular Ca.Na ↑ cerebral edema (脑 水肿) diminished cerebral perfusion (脑灌注) ↓ ischemia ↓ cerebral necrosis (脑梗死) cere

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