从而得到万有特性曲线.PPTVIP

Ch.7 Engine Operating Characteristics Content 7.1 Engine performance parameters 7.2 Engine load characteristics 7.3 Engine speed characteristics 7.4 Diesel engine governing characteristics柴油机的调速特性 7.5 Engine performance map (universal characteristics)万有特性 Master: definition, The plotting steps 7.5 Engine performance map (universal characteristics) One common way to present the operating characteristics of an internal combustion engine over its full load and speed range is to plot brake specific fuel consumption contours轮廓 on a graph of brake mean effective pressure versus engine speed. Operation of the engine coupled to a dynamometer测功器on a test stand, over its load and speed range, generates the torque and fuel flow-rate data from which such a performance map is derived. 表示内燃机全部负荷和转速范围内的运行特性的一种基本方法是在平均有效压力-转速的图上绘制有效燃油消耗曲线。发动机被固定到测功机上，在整个负荷和转速范围内，产生扭矩和燃油消耗量数据，从而得到万有特性曲线。 负荷特性和速度特性只能用来表示某一转速或某一油量控制机构位置时，内燃机各种参数的变化规律，而内燃机特别是车用内燃机的工况变化范围很广，要分析各种工况下的性能，就需要多张负荷特性或速度特性图，这样既不方便，也不直观。为了能在一张图上较全面地表示内燃机各种性能参数的变化，经常应用多参数的特性曲线，这种特性就是万有特性。 万有特性曲线一般是以转速n为横坐标，以负荷(平均有效压力pme)为纵坐标。在图上绘出若干条等油耗曲线和等功率曲线。两种类型内燃机典型的万有特性如图8—7所示。根据需要，还可在万有特性曲线上绘出等节气门开度线、等排放线、等过量空气系数线等。 a) CI engine b) SI engine Fig.7.12 Performance map for SI engine and CI engine Figure 7.12 shows examples of such a performance map for a four-cylinder spark-ignition engine and compression-ignition engine. The upper envelope of the map is the wide-open-throttle performance curve for SI engine and rated condition performance curve for CI engine. Points below this curve define the part-load operating characteristics. While details differ from one engine to another, the overall shapes of these maps are remarkably similar. When mean piston speed is used instead of crankshaft speed for the abscissa, the quantitative定量的similarity of such maps over a wide range of engine sizes is more apparent. 图7.12表示的是四缸汽油机和柴油机万有特性示例。图的最上层分别是汽油机的大开度节气门性能曲线和柴油机的标定条件下的性能曲线。该条线以下的点定义了部分负荷运行特性。虽然每条线的细节不同，但是整体趋势缺十分相似。当应用