高中化学个精讲 盐类的水解（ lectures on chemistry in senior high school hydrolysis of salts）.doc

高中化学58个精讲 (33) 盐类的水解（58 lectures on chemistry in senior high school (33) hydrolysis of salts） High school chemistry 58 test sites elaborate 33. Hydrolysis of salts 1. review key points Hydrolysis principle of 1. salts and its application The mutual relation and conservation principle of particles in 2. solution 2. difficulties focus (1) hydrolysis essence of salt H2O H++OH- AB== Bn- + An+ HB (n-1) - A (OH) n When the salt AB can ionize weak acid anion (Bn-) or weak base cation (An+), it can be combined with H+ or OH-, which is ionized by water, to form electrolyte molecules, thus promoting the further ionization of water The relationship between neutralization and neutralization: Salt + water acid + alkali (at least one of them is weak) Therefore, salt hydrolysis for the reverse reaction of neutralization reaction, but generally neutralization degree, most of that is to be completely, but the degree of hydrolysis of salts are much smaller, so 000 reverse reaction, hydrolysis of the ion really is a very small proportion. (two) hydrolysis law Briefly: there is no weak weak to hydrolysis, hydrolysis weaker hydrolysis, hydrolysis of all who is strong who was weak, strong neutral Concretely: 1. normal salt solution Strong acid weak base salt is acidic. Strong alkali weak acid salt is alkaline. Strong acid, strong alkali and salt are neutral. Weak acid alkali salt is not necessarily Such as NH4CN CH3CO2NH4 NH4F Alkaline neutral acidity It depends on the relative strength of weak acids and bases 2. acid salt If there is only ionization without hydrolysis, it is acidic (e.g., NaHSO4) If both ionization and hydrolysis depend on the relative size of both The degree of ionization is more acidic than the degree of hydrolysis The degree of ionization is less than the degree of hydrolysis, and is alkaline Ionization and hydrolysis of strong base weak acid salts A) expressed in HmAn- ionization and acid hydrolysis equilibrium acid salt anion. Hm+1A (n-1) -+OH- HmAn-1 + H2O Hm-1A +