Load集中於存hot.pptVIP

Highly Available and Heterogeneous ContinuousMedia Storage Systems Roger Zimmermann and Shahram Ghandeharizadeh, Member, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA DECEMBER 2004 Outline Introduction Three alternative techniques Independent subservers Dependent subservers Disk merging Reliability modeling Simulation results Conclusion Introduction Problems (heterogeneous disks) Magnetic disks might fail. Storage requires are ever increasing. Requirements Parity-based data protection. High throughput. Low cost. Long lifetime. Mean time to service loss (MTTSL) Three alternative techniques Independent subservers (1/2) Independent subservers (2/2) Advantage Easy Reliable Disadvantage Load集中於存hot video的parity group(有 hot spot) Low throughput Dependent subservers (1/2) Dependent subservers (2/2) Advantage Load distribution High throughput Disadvantage The same object的各區域保護不一致 Low availability (MTTSL is short) Disk merging (1/2) Disk merging (2/2) Advantage The same of dependent subservers Low memory、low cost 容易擴充，對heterogeneous的適應較佳 Disadvantage MTTSL is short (但也夠長了) Constraint includes A physical disk drive should not form multiple logical disks of a single parity group. Reliability Modeling Analytical of reliability modeling Reliability of a single disk. Multiple disks; a single parity group. Logical disks; a single parity group. Logical disks; multiple parity groups. Reliability of a single disk. MTTR : mean time to repair. μ: The repair rate. MTTR=(1/μ) . Ref:D. P. Siewiorek and R. S. Swarz, The Theory and Practice of Reliable Systems Design. Bedford, MA: Digital Press, 1982. Multiple disks; a single parity group. (1/4) Multiple disks; a single parity group. (2/4) Multiple disks; a single parity group. (3/4) Multiple disks; a single parity group. (4/4) Logical disks; a single parity group. Disk merging can not guaranteed for all the disks are independent. Two case of logical disk are possible: A logical disk maps to exactly one physical