低界面张力羧酸型PAM制备及性能研究.doc

低界面张力羧酸型PAM的制备及性能研究 摘要 采油有一次采油，二次采油，三次采油之分[1]。一次采油是指利用油层原有的能量采油，它意不注入任何流体为特征。一次采油可利用天然油层能量（如有层的弹性能，水的位能和气体析出的容积能）对油进行驱动。二次采油是指一次采油后的采油，这种采油通常注入一般流体（如水和气）为特征。三次采油是指二次采油后的采油，这种采油是以注入特殊流体为特征。本文主要研究聚合物在三次采油中的应用。聚合物驱是指以聚合物溶液作为驱油剂的驱油法。聚合物驱属于化学驱，也叫聚合物溶液驱，聚合物强化水驱等[2]。 聚合物驱是一种独立的驱油法，但也可以作为辅助驱油法。当它作为辅助驱油法时，它配合其他提高采收率方法（如表面活性剂驱，碱驱）适用。这时聚合物段赛用于流度控制，以保护它前面的其他提高采收率方法的段赛平稳地通过地层，充分发挥其他提高采收率方法的驱油作用。由于聚合物驱最好在注水的早期阶段进行，因此聚合物驱也是一种二次采油法。 本文着重研究疏水缔合水溶性高分子的合成和应用，以长脂肪链疏水单体丙烯酸十八酯(ODA),与丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸（AA）通过自由基共聚法制得一种新型亲水缔合聚丙烯酰胺水溶性聚合物。确定了最适宜的合成条件，研究了聚合物的粘度与反应温度，时间和剪切速率之间的关系以及驱油效率。 关键词：采油，聚合物驱，聚丙烯酰胺，粘度 Study on Preparation and Properties of Low Interfacial Tension Carboxylic Acid Type PAM ABSTRACT Oil production has an oil recovery, the two oil recovery, the three oil recovery. An oil recovery is the use of the original oil production, it means that any of the characteristics of the injection. A production using natural reservoir energy (such as a layer of elastic energy, the volume of water potential energy and gas evolution) are used to drive the oil. The two oil recovery refers to the characteristic of a general fluid (such as water and gas) after the oil recovery. The three oil recovery is the two oil recovery, which is characterized by the injection of special fluids. This paper mainly studies the application of polymer in the three oil recovery. Polymer flooding is a method of displacing oil by using polymer solution as an oil displacement agent. Polymer flooding is a chemical flooding, also called polymer solution flooding, polymer enhanced water flooding and so on. Polymer flooding is an independent displacement method, but it can also be used as an auxiliary oil displacement method. When it is used as an auxiliary oil displacement method, it can be applied to other enhanced oil recovery methods (such as surface active agent flooding and alkali drive). When polymer competition for mobility control and to protect it in front of the other to improve oil recove