外文翻译生态景观设计原则.docxVIP

生态景观设计的原则Principles of Ecological LandscapeDesign学部（院）：建筑与艺术学院专业：艺术设计（环境艺术设计）学生姓名：学号：指导教师：完成日期：4ComplexCreations:Designing and ManagingEcosystemsAdragon?y?itsoverthesun-mirroredsurfaceofapond,snappingathatchingmosquitoesbeforecom- ing to rest on an overhanging rush. This is an ecosystem: animals, plants, and theirphysicalenviron- mentlinked together in the exchange of energy and materials. If this were our pond,ourecosystem,wewouldhaveitall:abeautifullandscapefeature,enlivenedbycreaturesweneverhadto carefor,andhassle-freepestcontrol.Ecosystemslikethisponddoquiet,crucialwork,keepingalivethebiosphereofwhichweareapart.Wheresuchanaturalpond,oraforestor?oodplain,exists,itbehoovesustoprotectit.Whereonehasbeendegraded,wewouldbewellservedtorestoreit(seechap.10).Butwheresuchecosystemshavebeenplowedunderorpavedover,wecanendeavortoreplacethemby?llingthebuiltenvironmentnotjustwithlawnsandplazasandfountainsbutwithecosystems.Anecosystemconsistsofallofthelivingorganismsinanareaalongwiththeirphysicalenviron-ment,anditspropertiesarisefromtheinteractionsbetweenthesecomponents.Anoceanbayisanecosystem,asisanalpinemeadoworagreenroof.Perhapsbecauseoftheirclearboundaries,lakes andstreams wereimportantobjectsofstudyinthedevelopmentofecosystemecology.Wherebound- ariesarelessdistinct,thelimitsofanecosystemcanbede?ned,evenarbitrarily,basedonthequestionanecologistisstudyingortheboundariesofadesigner’ssite.Designedlandscapesalreadybringtogetheramanipulatedphysicalenvironmentandlivingor-ganisms.Theydonotnecessarilyfunctionasnaturalecosystemsdo,however.Theyaredisconnect-ed,toooftenwastefulanddemanding,orelsetheysimplyfailtothrive.Whenwesucceedincreat-ingintegratedecosystems,theresultscanberemarkable.Lifecanspringforth,almostunbidden.Wastescanbetransformedintoresources.Thevariousmembersofalivingcommunitycanreacha tentativebalance.Thebuiltenvironmentcanpurifywater,protectusfrom?oods,andstrengthenoursenseofwell-being.T.Beck,PrinciplesofEcologicalLandscapeDesign,DOI10.5822/978-1-61091-199-3_4,?2013Tr