大学英语语法和写作College English Grammar and Writing 10 Phrases Gerund Phrases and Absolute Phrases.ppt

Missing Commas with Nonessential Elements Nonessential elements are words or phrases or clauses that may be removed from a sentence without changing the meaning of that sentence. A nonessential element should be set off with commas from the rest part of the sentence. 1. With nonessential participles, infinitives, and their phrases When the participle, infinitive, or their phrases is not essential to the meaning of the sentence, we separate it from the rest of the sentence with commas. ? To tell the truth we never doubt that he is honest. ? To tell the truth, we never doubt that he is honest. ? Simon absorbed in his book neglected food and sleep. ? Simon, absorbed in his book, neglected food and sleep. * College English Grammar: Grammar and Writing Unit 10 Phrases: Gerund Phrases and Absolute Phrases Grammar: 1. Gerund Phrases  2. Absolute Phrases Writing: Correcting: Missing Commas with Nonessential Elements Rewriting: Intra-sentence coherence I. Gerund Phrases Both a gerund and a present participle end in –ing but they function as different parts of speech. A gerund is used as a noun, whereas a present participle is used as an adjective or an adverb. I.1. Form and function A gerund phrase includes the gerund and the object of the gerund or any modifiers related to the gerund. Like a gerund, it is used as a noun—as subject, predictive, object, object of a preposition, or appositive.  1) as a noun to be subject You must know your enemy. That is the best defense. ? Knowing your enemy is the best defense. 2) as a noun to be predictive He finishes his supper. He takes a short walk. That is his habit. In this habit, he keeps healthy. ? His habit to keep healthy is taking a short walk after supper. 3) as a noun to be appositive His dream is finding lost treasure. His dream almost came true recently. ? His dream, finding lost treasure, almost came true recently. 4) as a noun to be