基于离散元法的AlO_TiC陶瓷刀具材料加工特性研究.doc

基于离散元法的Al2O3_TiC陶瓷刀具材料加工特性研究  5 10  摘要：基于离散元法，通过力学性能数字试验模拟及校准，建立了 Al2O3/TiC 陶瓷刀具材料 的离散元模型。基于该模型，考虑切削热和粘结作用，对 Al2O3/TiC 陶瓷刀具材料的切削加 工进行了动态模拟，分析了不同的切削速度、切削深度、刀具钝圆半径及刀具前角等对加工 后表面裂纹情况及切屑形成的影响，结果表明：切削速度越高，切削深度对加工表面的质量 影响越大；随着刀具由正前角变为负前角，刀具前方特别是刀具下方的材料出现较深的径向 裂纹，对材料的损伤也越大，当刀具前角为负前角时，刀具的前刀面堆积了大量的块状切屑， 引起较大的材料变形；切削刃钝圆半径对其影响较小。 关键词：刀具技术；离散元；Al2O3/TiC 陶瓷；加工；裂纹 中图分类号：TH145.1 15 Research on the Machining Characteristics of Al2O3/TiC Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials Based on the Discrete Element Method GU Meilin, ZHANG Yaqiong, GAO Jie, GUO Lanshen, WEI Zhi 20 25 30 35 40  School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, TianJin 300130 Abstract: Discrete element model of Al2O3/TiC ceramic cutting tool materials was constructed and calibrated. Based on the model, considering the two aspects influences such as cutting thermal and viscosity, the dynamic process of micro-maching of Al2O3/TiC ceramic was simulated, and the effects of different cutting speeds, cutting depths, the tip radius of cutting edge and the front angle of cutting tool were qualitatively analyzed. Results show that both of the surface crack number and imum depth increases with increase of the cutting speed and cutting depth, while decreases as the rake angle increases; when the rake angle becomes positive from negative, the damage zone which is under and in front of the tool gradually increases; when the rake angle becomes negative, a large number of massive chip was accumulated on the tool rake surface, caused large material deformation; the tip radius of cutting edge effects the machining process is lesser than others. Keywords: Tool technology; Discrete element model; Al2O3/TiC ceramic; Machining; Crack 0 引言 陶瓷刀具是现代金属切削加工中的一种新型刀具材料，其硬度高、耐磨性能和耐热性能 好、化学稳定性优良、不易与金属发生粘接的特点，已成为高速切削高温合金的主要刀具材 料之一[1]。它的脆性并在高温下缺乏塑形变形的趋势是它的弱点，通过增韧的方法得到的 Al2O3/TiC 复合陶瓷，不但提高了其强度、硬度、断裂韧性和抗震性，而且极大的降低了脆 性对其特殊性能发挥的限制，使其成为了切削难加工材料的理想刀具材料[2]。由于陶瓷的高 硬度和高脆性，使得磨削成为其主要加工方法。陶瓷材料的精密加工、陶瓷材料表面的低损 伤加工和陶瓷材料