新型建材、路用材料、沥青、黑白料、聚氨酯材料的外加剂、表面活性剂和添加剂 开发与使用推广.docVIP

Interactions between shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) and cement pastes pore solution?? Cement and Concrete Research Shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) have been developed to combat shrinkage cracking in concrete elements. While SRA has been shown to have significant benefits in reducing the magnitude of drying and autogenous shrinkage, it has been reported that SRA may cause a negative side effect as it reduces the rate of cement hydration and strength development in concrete. To examine the influence of SRA on cement hydration, this study explores the interactions between SRA and cement pastes pore solution. It is described that SRA is mainly composed of amphiphilic (i.e., surfactant) molecules that when added to an aqueous solution, accumulate at the solution–air interface and can significantly reduce the interfacial tension. However, these surfactants can also self-aggregate in the bulk solution (i.e., micellation) and this may limit the surface tension reduction capacity of SRA. In synthetic pore solutions, SRA is observed to form an oil–water–surfactant emulsion that may or may not be stable. Specifically, at concentrations above a critical threshold, the mixture of SRA and pore fluid is unstable and can separate into two distinct phases (an SRA-rich phase and an SRA-dilute phase). Further, chemical analysis of extracted pore solutions shows that addition of SRA to the mixing water depresses the dissolution of alkalis in the pore fluid. This results in a pore fluid with lower alkalinity which causes a reduction in the rate of cement hydration. This may explain why concrete containing SRA shows a delayed setting and a slower strength development. New developments in chemical modification of fire-safe rigid polyurethane foams?? 商城卖场的防火泡沫/塑料材料的化学成分改进和新开发 Polymer Degradation and Stability This work reports the preparation of polyurethane–polyisocyanurate (PUR–PIR) foams containing different amounts of flame retardants (FRs) and a layered silicate nanoclay. An