Forensic DNA Analysis 课件.pptVIP

Forensic DNA Analysis Criminalist Harry Klann, DNA Technical Leader DNA Detail Los Angeles Police Department Scientific Investigation Division PowerPoint presentation by Criminalist Carl Matthies Objectives of Forensic DNA Testing To link an individual to a crime scene/criminal act To exonerate suspects To identify victims of mass disasters A Brief History Contemporary Forensic DNA Testing Casework Applications Questions? Early 1980s: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Genetic variation in the distance between restriction enzyme sites Template DNA digested by enzymes, electrophoresed, detected via Southern blotting Power of discrimination in the range of 106-108 for a six probe analysis The Catch: RFLP testing requires a relatively large amount of HMW DNA (~50ng = thousands of cells) Not ideal for forensic evidence, in which small, degraded samples are common PCR To The Rescue! Polymerase Chain Reaction = molecular Xeroxing Three temperature phases, carried out in a Thermal Cycler, replicate or “amplify” the desired DNA fragment(s) PCR (cont’d) First forensic application is the DQα locus, later multi-plexed with Polymarker? loci using dot-blot detection method Works with lower quantity (1-2ng), lower quality samples Power of discrimination goes from 102-106...not good enough for databasing The Current Method of Choice: Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats Non-coding, tetranucleotide sequences which vary greatly from person to person in the number of repeating units Requires 1ng of DNA to type 13-15 STR loci Power of discrimination ranges from 1014-1023. World population is 109 so bring on the database! The Combined DNA Index System (CoDIS) A database of DNA profiles from violent felons and crime scene samples Laws concerning who is eligible for the database vary from state to state Database currently contains about 2,038,470 felons and 93,956 crime scene profiles (19,00 hits so far) The Mystical Power of CoDIS Extremely powerful investigative too