From Quantum Gates to Quantum Learning recent research and 从量子大门量子学习的研究.ppt

From Quantum Gates to Quantum Learning: recent research and open problems in quantum circuits Marek A. Perkowski, Portland Quantum Logic Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, USA. The progress in classical computer technology has been dramatic Nano-systemHow small is a nanometer? 1 meter 10 mm 1 mm 10 nm 1nanometer 0.1 nm 1 picometer 1 femtometer Size of red blood cell = a millionth of a meter Size of polio virus = a billionth of a meter Size of the hydrogen atom = a trillionth of a meter = 10 -15 m, size of a proton Number of Atoms in a Useful SystemFrom R. Keyes, IBM J. Res. Develop (1988)# atoms to store a bit # dopant atoms/bipolar transistor History 1970s and 1980s, introduction of quantum computers (Richard Feynmann, David Deutsch, and Paul Benioff) 1994, Peter Shor’s factoring algorithm 1996, Lov Grover, searching algorithm 1998, 1999, 2001 Isaac L. Chuang, developed the worlds first 2-qubit, 3-qubit, 5-qubit and 7-qubit quantum computer People Jiffy Quantum Theory Quantum nature: a combination of both. In preparing the initial state: only one of the 2 states On measurement: only one state found. Probability: the state’s component in the mix Both preparation and measurement in contact with a macro system Qubit in a Ion Trap Quantum Logic Circuits How a single photon behaves in a beam splitter? … strange behavior Quantum Gate: square root of NOT Simple theory of the beam-splitter Quantum Interference More experimental data collected to improve the theory A new theory Probability Amplitude and Measurement Quantum Operations are linear Quantum Operations are unitary Linear Algebra notation for quantum circuits Abstraction Qubits as binary Qudits In multi-valued (MV) Quantum Computing (QC), the unit of memory (information) is qudit. For instance, ternary logic values of 0, 1