UF1000i基础知识课件.pptVIP

Urine Fluid and material which comes from the blood or interstitial fluid and is secreted by the kidneys transported by the ureters to the urinary bladder stored in the urinary bladder until it is voided through the urethra Urine is produced by a process of filtration, resorption and tubular secretion. Urinary system Purpose Filtration, reabsorption, excretion of metabolic waste from the blood Conserve body fluid and electrolytes Regulate blood pressure Structures involved Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Function of the kidneys regulate the composition of the bodys internal environment (together with skin, lung, gastro-intestinal tract) eliminate metabolic waste and poisons regulate water and inorganic ion balance secretion of hormones 1700 l liquids pass the kidneys every day! (whole blood passes 300 times a day!) Function of the kidneys The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Each nephron is a small independent filtering unit. In each kidney there are about 1 million nephrons. Each nephron contains a glomerular (Bowmans) capsule, a cup-shaped structure that surrounds a glomerulus (group of capillaries). Together, the glomerular capsule and glomerulus form a unit called the renal corpuscle. Attached to the Bowmans capsule is a long, twisting renal tubule that has four parts: the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule and a collecting duct. Function of the glomerulus . When blood enters a nephron, it flows into the glomerulus. The blood is under pressure and the walls of the capillaries and Bowmans Capsule are permeable, much of the fluid from the blood filters into the area between the capsule and the basal membrane Function of the nephron Glomerulus: Formation of a filtrate which contains water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, and vitamins (180 l/day) (3) Proximal and distal (4,5) tubule: Processing of glucose, ions and water Henle’s Loop (6,7) : Concentrating the urine Collecting duct syst