古希腊文明 Greek Culture.ppt

Ancient Greek Civilization 3. The Age of the Greek City-States (希腊城邦时期) 4. The Classical Age (古典时代) Greco-Persia War (490-479 B. C.)/Persian War Marathon (Greece-Persia War )  Athens was eventually defeated. The Macedonian Empire（马其顿帝国） The Culture of Ancient Greece The Temple of Artemis(阿忒弥斯)(土耳其的以弗所:Ephesus) The Temple of Zeus Laocoon Group《拉奥孔群像》 Three great tragic dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides Prometheus Bound Persians Agamemnon Sophocles (索福克勒斯) Electra (《伊莱克特拉》) (Electra Complex) Oedipus the King (《俄狄浦斯王》) (Oedipus Complex) Antigone（ 《安提歌尼》:底比斯王之女, 因违抗禁令而自杀身亡). Euripides（欧里庇得斯） Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women. Euripides is the first writer of problem plays. Aristophanes(阿里斯托芬) Greek Culture Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B C. 11plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds. Founder of Scientific Mathematics Eureka! in the bath /discovered the principle of buoyancy(浮力原理) ran naked into the street yelling “Eureka!” ( Greek word: I have found) Eureka: express triumph upon finding or discovering something Philosophy Plato Aristotle His works: Ethics（《伦理学》）, Politics, Poetics（《诗学》） and Rhetoric（《修辞学》） Four Schools of Thought Diogenes (第欧根斯)： rejected all the conventions and advocated of self-sufficiency and extreme simplicity of life. to live like a dog /tub(桶) Materialist Atheist (无神论者) Pleasure is the highest good in life. By pleasure he meant not the sensual enjoyment, but a state of tranquility (心神安宁) and freedom from fear 这种哲学后被歪曲为纵欲主义（carnalism）和享乐主义(gastronomy） Zeno (芝诺) The School of Athens (Raphael ) Greek Culture Olympic Games Hippocratic Oath(希波克拉底诺言) Greek Culture Lyric Poets Greek Culture Ancient Greece Greek Mythology 诸神的盛宴 Zeus and Hera（万神之主宙斯和天后赫拉） 天后赫拉(Hera) Poseidon (海神:波塞冬) Hades (冥王:哈得斯) with Cerberus 宙斯与勒托（Leto） 宙斯与迈亚(Maia) →神使: 赫耳墨斯 (Hermes, messenger of the gods) 宙斯与赫拉 农神: 得墨忒尔（Demeter）→Persephone