儿童早期营养知识ppt课件.pptVIP

学龄儿童营养最基本的八个“1” 八个“1”: 即每天1杯奶、1个鸡蛋、100克豆制品、1升水、1个水果、1斤左右的饭、100克肉类、1斤菜 谢谢！ Studies of the brains in children who have died in different stages of development shows the extensive neuron connections that occur in the first six years of life. The number of neurons is essentially the same, but the connections amongst the neurons at six years of life are much more intense. By fourteen years of life, the connections are less dense. The connections amongst the neurons and neural pathways is dependent upon use. If the neural pathways are not used, the connections are lost. As Hebb, a Canadian psychologist said many years ago in looking at brain development, “use it or lose it”. The development of the synapses in the brain go through a process of pruning if they are not used. Although our understanding of myelination (important in neuron function) is limited, it appears that the process occurs in different areas of the brain at different times. Those areas with the earliest myelination correspond to areas associated with behaviour systems that also function early in development. For example, primary sensory and motor areas involved in abilities such as vision and movement are myelinated before areas involved in higher cognitive functions such as association areas. This correlates with what we have known about the process of development from a psychological perspective for many years. Higher cognitive skills such as those associated with Piaget’s formal operations do not develop until middle to late childhood. The timing of this parallels myelination that occurs in the prefrontal cortex, an area that is associated with higher cognitive functions. Additionally, the patterning of myelination follows what we understand about the flow of information in the brain. Information from the world enters the brain through one of the five senses (touch, taste, smell, vision, and audition) and follows a distinct path of processing. 英国学者Barker等人根据当年一位助产士M.Burnside从1911年开始记录的