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- 约5.04千字
- 约 38页
- 2018-06-21 发布于上海
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章镇痛药110329
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Teaching goals
1、列举阿片-R激动药、部分激动药、拮抗药。
2、简述吗啡、哌替啶的作用、用途、不良反
应及禁忌症。
3、分析吗啡能否用于治疗心源性哮喘和支气管
哮喘。
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§1 Introduction
Classification :躯体痛、内脏痛、神经性痛
I. pain
慢(钝)痛(chronic pain):头痛、关节痛等
刺激强度中等、伴情绪反应
快(锐)痛(acute pain):烧伤、战伤疼痛等
刺激性强、不伴情绪反应
躯体痛
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Advantage & disadvantage of pain:
Disadvantage :
It causes disorders of physiological functions.
(弊:导致机体功能紊乱)
Advantage :
It is the basis of diagnosis of diseases.
(利:诊断的依据)
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II. Analgesics (镇痛药)
Classification:
吗啡、度冷丁类
非麻醉性镇痛药:无成瘾性
罗通定等
麻醉性镇痛药:镇痛强、有成瘾性
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§2 Opioid – R agonists (阿片-R 激动药)
一 . Alkaloids of opium (阿片生物碱类)
含阿片生物碱类植物: 罂粟
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鸦 片
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吗啡(morphine):1806年分离出纯品
可待因(codeine):甲基吗啡
海洛因(heroin):二乙酰基吗啡
Alkaloids of opium
阿片类生物碱
菲类:吗啡、可待因
异喹啉类:罂粟碱
麻醉药品
滥用
毒品
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【pharmacokinetics】
It has significant first-pass elimination after oral administration.(口服首关消除明显)
2. It can penetrates the placenta barrier.
(可透过胎盘屏障)
3. It can be excreted from breast milk.
( 可从乳汁排泄 )
吗啡 morphine
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【pharmacological actions】
I. CNS
Analgesia(镇痛):
The analgesia of morphine is strong.
(镇痛作用强 )
2) It can relieves nearly all kinds of pain.
(可缓解多种疼痛)
3) Effect on dull pain is better than that on
sharp pain. (钝痛 锐痛)
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2. Sedation and euphoria (镇静和欣快)
Sedation →Eliminates anxiety, tension and
fear caused by pain
(消除疼痛所致的焦虑、紧张、恐惧)
euphoria →contentment and well being
(欣快 满足感、飘然欲仙)
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3. Respiratory depression(抑制呼吸):
frequency(频率) ↓
minute volume(每分通气量) ↓
tidal volume (潮气量) ↓
(-) respiration regulatory center
(抑制呼吸调整中枢)
↓the sensitivity of respiration center to CO2
(降低呼吸中枢对CO2敏感性)
mechanism
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4. Antitussive effect (镇咳)
Inhibits coughing center (咳嗽中枢) directly.
5. Others:miosis (缩瞳)
emetic action (催吐 )
可待因取代
三镇一抑
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II. Smooth muscle (平滑肌)
1. Gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道)
1)↑the tone of gastrointestinal tract
smooth muscle (↑胃肠平滑肌张力)
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