章镇痛药110329.pptxVIP

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章镇痛药110329

1 Teaching goals 1、列举阿片-R激动药、部分激动药、拮抗药。 2、简述吗啡、哌替啶的作用、用途、不良反 应及禁忌症。 3、分析吗啡能否用于治疗心源性哮喘和支气管 哮喘。 2 §1 Introduction Classification :躯体痛、内脏痛、神经性痛 I. pain 慢(钝)痛(chronic pain):头痛、关节痛等 刺激强度中等、伴情绪反应 快(锐)痛(acute pain):烧伤、战伤疼痛等 刺激性强、不伴情绪反应 躯体痛 3 Advantage & disadvantage of pain: Disadvantage : It causes disorders of physiological functions.      (弊:导致机体功能紊乱) Advantage : It is the basis of diagnosis of diseases.     (利:诊断的依据) 4 II. Analgesics (镇痛药) Classification: 吗啡、度冷丁类 非麻醉性镇痛药:无成瘾性 罗通定等 麻醉性镇痛药:镇痛强、有成瘾性 5 §2 Opioid – R agonists (阿片-R 激动药) 一 . Alkaloids of opium (阿片生物碱类) 含阿片生物碱类植物: 罂粟 6 7 鸦 片 8 吗啡(morphine):1806年分离出纯品 可待因(codeine):甲基吗啡 海洛因(heroin):二乙酰基吗啡 Alkaloids of opium 阿片类生物碱 菲类:吗啡、可待因 异喹啉类:罂粟碱 麻醉药品 滥用 毒品 9 10 【pharmacokinetics】 It has significant first-pass elimination after oral administration.(口服首关消除明显) 2. It can penetrates the placenta barrier. (可透过胎盘屏障) 3. It can be excreted from breast milk. ( 可从乳汁排泄 ) 吗啡 morphine 11 【pharmacological actions】 I. CNS Analgesia(镇痛): The analgesia of morphine is strong. (镇痛作用强 ) 2) It can relieves nearly all kinds of pain. (可缓解多种疼痛) 3) Effect on dull pain is better than that on sharp pain. (钝痛 锐痛) 12 2. Sedation and euphoria (镇静和欣快) Sedation →Eliminates anxiety, tension and fear caused by pain (消除疼痛所致的焦虑、紧张、恐惧) euphoria →contentment and well being (欣快 满足感、飘然欲仙) 13 3. Respiratory depression(抑制呼吸): frequency(频率) ↓ minute volume(每分通气量) ↓ tidal volume (潮气量) ↓ (-) respiration regulatory center (抑制呼吸调整中枢) ↓the sensitivity of respiration center to CO2 (降低呼吸中枢对CO2敏感性) mechanism 14 4. Antitussive effect (镇咳) Inhibits coughing center (咳嗽中枢) directly. 5. Others:miosis (缩瞳) emetic action (催吐 ) 可待因取代 三镇一抑 15 II. Smooth muscle (平滑肌) 1. Gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道) 1)↑the tone of gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle (↑胃肠平滑肌张力)

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