博士研究生学位论文预答辩.PPT

Rad. Forcing Surface reflectance Direct radiative forcing of sulfate aerosols over China, (2007, annual average, w.m-2) Surface reflectance Latitude Rad. Forcing Surface reflectance Positive radiative forcing occurs where surface reflectance is high in winter months. Conclusions SO2 emission reaches 28.3 Tg in 2007. Coal combustion contributes more than 90%. Emission factor is decreasing due to increasing removal rate. However, emission almost doubled from 1990 to 2007. In average, both sulfate aerosols loading and related radiative forcing in China are higher than other places in the world. Especially in east part of China. In some snow covered areas, positive radiative forcing occurs due to high surface reflectance in winter months. EMISSION REDIATIVE FORCING Acknowledgement Thanks to scientists from France. Thanks to professor PIAO. Thanks to professor TAO and team mates. Questions? SO2 Inventory and Direct Radiative Forcing of Sulfate Aerosols over China October 1~2, 2012. Paris. Team: Tao Shu, Li Bengang, Cui siyu Speaker: Li Bengang College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University SOS in China Contents EMISSION Emission Sources Emission Activities Emission Factors SULFATE AEROSOLS CTM Model - CanMETOP Processes and Reactions Validation RADIATIVE FORCING Models – OPAC SBDART Sensitivity analysis Statistics CONCLUSIONS Emission Radiative Forcing EMISSION Sources 4 sectors and 15 individual sources were concluded. Coal (4) Power plants / Industrial boiler / Household / Centralized heating Gas (2) Industrial / Residential Oil (4) Power plants / Industrial / Motor vehicle diesel / Motor vehicle gasoline Biomass Burning (5) Residential ( Crop residues / Firewood ) Open fire ( Grass / Forest / Agriculture waste) EMISSION Activities Emission activities data were either collected from official yearbooks or estimated using literature methods. Agriculture waste burning Cao, G. L.; Zhang, X