Acid Base IntroductionReview Gade 12 University Chemistry酸碱introductionreview 12级大学化学.docVIP

Acid Base Introduction/Review Arrhenius Acid – Arrhenius Base – Bronsted-Lowry Acid – Bronsted-Lowry Base – Amphoteric compound – Conjugate acid-base pair – Identify the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base conjugate pairs. HCO3-(aq) + S2-(aq) ( HS-(aq) + CO32-(aq) H2CO3(aq) + OH-(aq) ( HCO3-(aq) + H2O(l) H2O(l) + H2O(l) ( H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq) Identify all the amphoteric compounds in question 1. Autoionization of Water Pure water undergoes the following reaction to establish an equilibrium. This is abbreviated as: Kc = Since H2O is a pure liquid, it is not included in the equilibrium constant. Therefore Kw = [H+(aq)][ OH-(aq)] This is called the ION PRODUCT CONSTANT for WATER At SATP At SATP Strong Acids and Strong Bases Strong Acid – Strong Base – Monoprotic Acid – Polyprotic Acid – pH: = pOH: = At SATP ( Read sample problems on pages 545 and 547. On page 546 do questions 12 ( 14 and 15 a,b,c On page 549 do questions 17 ( 19 Acid Ionization Constant For the generic equation: HA(aq) + H2O(l) ? H3O+(aq) A-(aq) Problem: Calculating Ka from pH Example 1: In a 0.100M solution of formic acid (HCHO2), the pH is 2.38 at 25oC. Calculate the Ka for this acid. Solution: Step 1: Write the equation and the Ka expression. Step 2: Find the equilibrium value of [H+(aq)] Step 3: Create an ICE table to determine the concentrations HCHO2(aq) ? H+(aq) + CHO2-(aq) Initial Change Equilibrium Step 4: Substitute the concentrations into the acid ionization equation. The acid ionization constant for formic acid is Problem: Calculating [H+(aq)] and pH from Ka. Example 2: A sample of vinegar was found to be 0.75M acetic acid (HC2H3O2). Calculate the [H+(aq)] and pH of this sample. Solution: From Appendix C9, the Ka for acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-5 Step 1: Write the equation and the Ka expression Step 2: Create an ICE table to determine the concentrations HC2H3O2(aq) ( H+(aq) + C2H3O2-(aq) Initial Change Equilibrium Step 3: Substitut