bIOMRKERS生物标志物.pptVIP

Biomarkersby heather seavolt and stephanie mCPHERSON Types of biomarkers DNA, RNA or protein adducts and enzymes cytogenic markers tissue markers and whole body alterations behavioral markers measure toxicants in body fluids tissues death of marker animals Ld50 LC50 Ld50 - median lethal dose (amount of a chemical in one dose that will kill 50% of the population) Lc50 - concentration of material in air that will kill 50% of the test subjects Initial Purpose To observe any effects of the fungicide on the red worms To determine ld50 for our population of red worms SOIL ECOTOXICOLOGY EXPERIMENT Materials: 24 pint mason jars with lids Worms Soil mixture - composed of silica sand, kaolin clay, peat moss, CaCO3, water Litmus paper Pesticide - 0.88% 1-(4-CHLOROPHENOXY)-3,3- DIMETHYL-1-(1h-1,2,4- TRIAZOL-1-YL)-2-BUTANONE) Experiment layout 10 worms added to each jar Worms allowed to adjust to new soil habitat pesticide added after week 1 Data collected weekly worms sorted and analyzed for lesions, swelling, writhing, Number on and below surface fungicide concentration series Control series (3 jars) 6 series run with fungicide (3 jars/series) first fungicide series 4 ml fungicide :128 ml of water diluted 5 times for each successive 5 series 1st dilution: 1/2 the fungicide concentration of series 1 (2:128 ml) 2nd dilution: 1/4 the concentration of series 1 (recommended concentration) 3rd dilution: 1/8 the concentration of series 1 4th dilution: 1/16 the concentration of series 1 5th dilution: 1/32 the concentration of series 1 Samples of lindsey and jason’s soil 1. sample from the copper pipe area 2. sample from site 1 3. sample from around suspicious oil container mortality Mortality is defined in this experiment as lack of movement in response to stimulus or absence, since the worms disintegrate rapidly Further objectives Additional objectives of this experiment: 1. examine effects of pollution on non-target organisms 2. Accuracy of results, i