Chem – Preliminary – Water hscntes化学–初步–水hscnotes.docVIP

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Chem – Preliminary – Water hscntes化学–初步–水hscnotes.doc

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Chem – Preliminary – Water hscntes化学–初步–水hscnotes

Chem – Preliminary – Water Sec 1 – Water is distributed on Earth as a solid, liquid and a gas Define the terms solute, solvent and solution. A Solute is the substance (solid) that is placed in a solvent (liquid), and dissolved to produce a solution (a combination of a dissolved solute and a solvent). Identify the importance of water as a solvent. Water is the most widely used solvent used by humans and by nature. In all living matter most of the chemical reactions responsible for life occur in water solutions or aqueous solutions as they are called. Water dissolves nutrients from soil and carries them in solution to living cells. Water also carries waste products away from cells. Many drinks that humans use are aqueous solutions, as there are many household products such as bleaches, disinfectants, cleaning agents and some medicines. Industry uses aqueous solutions of acids and alkalies and often makes or extracts products from aqueous solutions. Water is an important solvents as it is able to dissolve numerous amounts of solutes. We are made of water and due to its good nature as a solvent, our bodily functions are performed. Water controls the temperature of an environments, this is because less temperature variations occur in water than in land. Furthermore water expands upon freezing. This is when water gets trapped in rocks during the warmer temperatures but during the colder temperatures the water freezes and thus expands, breaking the rock. This is due to the large amounts of pressure exerted by water on the rock. Water also causes erosion. At beaches water erodes rocks. When frozen, in glacier form it erodes as it moves. Water is a resource for humans. We drink water and it is essential. Most body substances are dissolved in water for diffusion across cells. Compare the state percentage and distribution of water in the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Zone State of Water Percentage of Earths water Percentage water in that zone Distributi