Interaction Topologies in Complex Social Systems Agent相互作用的拓扑结构的复杂的社会系统中的代理.pptVIP

Interaction Topologies in Complex Social Systems: Agent-Based Modeling Lars-Erik Cederman Department of Government, Harvard EITM Workshop, July 18, 2002 Schedule 10:00am-10:30am Introduction 10:30am-12:00pm Tutorial 1:30pm-3:30pm Applications 4:00pm-5:00pm Installation advice What is agent-based modeling? ABM is a computational methodology that allows the analyst to create, analyze, and experiment with, artificial worlds populated by agents that interact in non-trivial ways different from other types of computational techniques: econometrics, numerical solutions, macro simulation, AI modeling Four types of models Disaggregated modeling An inter-disciplinary paradigm Computer revolution: computer science and mathematics biology social sciences The Santa Fe Institute and other centers Schelling’s segregation model Relative tolerance # neighbors # same type 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 3 8 3 Complex Adaptive Systems A CAS is a network exhibiting aggregate properties that emerge from primarily local interaction among many, typically heterogeneous agents mutually constituting their own environment. Why use agent-based modeling? ABM helps fill the gap between formal but restrictive models and wide-ranging but imprecise qualitative frameworks Contingency and counterfactuals Mechanisms in space and time Intangible concepts * Analytical focus: Systemic variables Micro- mechanisms Modeling language: Deductive Computational Agent-based modeling Rational choice Structural macro models Macro- simulation Organizations of agents Animate agents Data Artificial world Observer Inanimate agents If cond then action1 else action2 Emergent properties Large numbers of diverse agents Local interaction Adaptation through selection Endogenous, non-parametric environment Compare with other types of models:ABM differs from other types of models along two dimension First analytical focus; micro-foundations rather than systemic variables