PowerPoint Presentatio Chapter 9a Trace ELementsPowerPoint演示文稿第9A微量元素.ppt

Element Distribution...as a tool in the interpretation of the history of igneous rocks Different elements have diff. affinities for environments to reside: Si later melts - Mg early xls. Remember from Chapter 1: A. Goldschmidt: some elements metals Siderophile Fe, Pt, Mo some elements sulfides Chalcophile S,Cu,Zn some elements silicates Lithophile Si,K,Ca,REE SIMPLISTIC Xl Field Theory best results. Study of elec. envir. in lattice melt... Trace Elements: very low conc. TEs dont govern the appearance of a phase (as K req. Ksp or Bi), but enter various phases by substitution. Compare Harkers Major E usually vary by 101 TE often vary by 103 very useful since so sensitive to distr. fractionation therefore some TEs will follow similar major E Periodic Table is next slide Rb follows K conc. in Ksp, mica, late melt Ni follows Mg conc in olivine smaller ion preferentially - solid (Mg is smaller than Fe so more Mg in Ol than in melt) (Cr+3 and Ti+4 are always preferred in solids/liquids) For example: suppose C(Ni) = 20 ppm in a system C(Ni) in olivine may be 100 ppm C(Ni) in plagioclase may be 1 ppm C(Ni) in liquid may be 10 ppm Double C(Ni) in system to 40 ppm: Ol - 200 ppm, Plag - 2 ppm and liquid - 20 ppm Since the concentration of a trace element (unlike major elements--note Fo-Fa) in any phase is proportional to the overall concentration of that element, a more convenient constant is commonly used for them. It is commonly referred to as D for TEs (although some authors still use KD) and is called a partition coefficient: ? D = C(S)/C(L) ? Where CS and CL are the concentration of a trace element in the solid and liquid phases, respectively (the wt% or ppm value directly). As long as the element occurs in very dilute concentrations, D is a constant. Depends on the minerals involved! Sr - melt as ol px separate - plag (Ca) not melt if plag is phenocryst phase Commonly standardized to mantle compositio