Separation Techniques Howard County Public School Systm分离技术霍华德县公立学校系统.pptVIP

Separation Techniques These techniques are ONLY for mixtures – what is true about the properties of substances in a mixture? What are the most common techniques? Filtration Distillation Crystallization Chromatography Filtration Filtration is used to separate the solid and liquid parts of a mixture. This may be used to separate something that is water-soluble from something that is not. Ex. Salt and Sand, mixed Add water, salt dissolves, filter off sand. However, it may NOT be used to separate a solution, such as salt water. Since the salt is dissolved in the water, it will go through the filter unchanged. Filtration Distillation Distillation uses the fact that different substances have different boiling points. In a distillation, the substance with the lower boiling point boils “off”, leaving the substance with the higher boiling point behind. The first substance becomes a gas, is cooled, becomes a liquid again, and is collected. A second liquid or a solid may be left behind. Crystallization Crystallization is the formation of solid crystals that precipitate out of a solution. This may happen with: a liquid solution (rock candy from sugar water) a solid solution (gem stones from slowly cooling magma) OR A gas solution (snowflakes from damp, cold air) Chromatography A solution can be separated by letting it flow through a stationary substance. Different substances (the mobile “phase”) will move at different rates through the stationary “phase”. There are many, many types of chromatography: The stationary phase is usually solid (or a gel) The mobile phase can be a liquid or a gas. A Gas Chromatograph Two Paper Chromatographs * * * * *