Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Rgression简单线性回归和多元回归.docVIP

13 - Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Regression Regression is used to study relationships between variables. Linear regression is used for a special class of relationships, namely, those that can be described by straight lines, or by generalizations of straight lines to many dimensions. In regression we seek to understand how the value of a response of variable (Y) is related to a set of explanatory variables or predictors (X’s). This is done by specifying a model that relates the mean or average value of the response to the predictors in mathematical form. In simple linear regression we have single predictor variable (X) and we use a line (of the form y = mx + b) to relate the response to the predictor. Regression Model Notation: E(Y|X) = In regression we first specify a functional form or model for E(Y|X). We then fit that model with using available data and then assess the adequacy of the model. We may then decide to remove some of the explanatory variables that do not appear important, add others to improve the model, change the function form of the model, etc. Regression is an iterative process where we fit a preliminary model and then modify our model based on the results. Regression Examples: E(Cholesterol Level |Weight, Height, Age, Daily Caloric Intake) = E(Blood Pressure| ) = E(Survival Time of Cancer Patient | ) = Example 1: Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients ?Data File: ?Hypertension.JMP? Background:? These data were collected as part of a large study looking at patients with hypertension. Variables:? Diastolic BP: diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) Systolic BP: systolic blood pressure (mmHg) Goal: Investigate the relationship between diastolic blood pressure (X) and