The poperties of water水的特性.ppt

The properties of water Life depends on them! Water is polar Polar molecules Molecules are electrically neutral. Portions of a molecule can act as though they have an electrical charge if the components have different attractions for electrons. Polar molecules In water, the oxygen acts negative and the hydrogens act postive. In effect, a water molecule has a positive and a negative pole, or end. As in magnets and ions, opposites attract. Hydrogen bonds Polar molecules with hydrogen atoms are very strongly attracted to the negative regions of other polar molecules. Cohesion Hydrogen bonds forming between water molecules cause them to stick together. This is cohesion. Cohesion creates surface tension. Hydrogen bonds are responsible Adhesion Water molecules are also attracted to other substances, especially if they carry an electrical charge. High specific heat The hydrogen bonds between water molecules mean that a great deal of energy must be added or subtracted to cause a state change: solid to liquid or liquid to gas. http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/animations/waterphases/status_water.htm Ice is an insulator Also, ice can act as an insulator since it floats: ice is less dense than water! Again, hydrogen bonds are responsible. High specific heat This also means that water helps to prevent large rapid temperature changes in the environment. Ice and water Solutions Water is the universal solvent. This means that it can dissolve many solutes, especially polar molecules. Water also causes ionic compounds to dissociate (separate into ions.) Sodium chloride dissociates Dissociation The “positive” hydrogens in water are attracted to negative chloride ions. The “negative” oxygen in water is attracted to positive sodium ions. A shell of water molecules around the ions keeps ionic bonds from reforming. Water dissolves molecules Water molecules will also surround polar molecules. Even fairly large molecules with charged regions can be surrounded with water and dis