Titraions滴定法.pptVIP

Titrations Main Idea: Titrations are an application of acid-base neutralization reactions that require the use of an indicator. * Stoichiometry The stoichiometry of an acid-base neutralization reaction is the same as that of any other reaction that occurs in solution (they are double displacement reactions, after all). For example, in the reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride, 1 mol of NaOH neutralizes 1 mol of HCl: NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) ? NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) Stoichiometry provides the basis for a procedure called titration, which is used to determine the concentrations of acidic and basic solutions. * Titration Titration is a method for determining the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of that solution with a solution of known concentration. If you wish to find the concentration of an acid solution, you would titrate the acid solution with a solution of a base of known concentration. You could also titrate a base of unknown concentration with an acid of known concentration. * In the titration of an acid by a base, the pH meter measures the pH of the acid solution in the beaker as a solution of a base with a known concentration is added from the buret. /wps/media/objects/3312/3392202/blb1703.html * How is an acid-base titration performed? The figure on the previous slide illustrates one type of setup for the titration procedure outlined on the next slide. In the procedure pictured on Slide 4, a pH meter is used to monitor the change in pH as the titration progresses. * Titration Procedure A measured volume of an acidic or basic solution of unknown concentration is placed in a beaker. The electrodes of a pH meter are immersed in this solution, and the initial pH of the solution is read and recorded. A buret is filled with the titrating solution of known concentration. This is called the standard solution, or titrant. Measured volumes of the standard solution are added slowly and mixed into the solution in the beaker. The pH is read an