数字电路09第十章脉冲波形的产生整形.ppt

* 第十章 脉冲波形的产生和整形 矩形脉冲的主要参数： 1. 脉冲周期T,脉冲频率f = 1/T (频率决定了时序逻辑电路状态变化的速度，即电路的工作速度)； 2. 脉冲幅度VM(也称峰峰值VPP,可靠性和速度的折衷); 3. 脉冲宽度tW(功率); 4. 占空比q=tW /T; 5. 上升时间tR (带宽); 6. 下降时间tF; 10.1 概 述 Commonly used crystal frequencies PAL B/G/H color subcarrier (4x 4.433618 MHz) 17.734475 Used in compact disc digital audio systems and CDROM drives; allows integer division to 44.1 kHz (384x 44.1 kHz), 22.05 kHz, and 11.025 kHz. Also allows integer division to common UART baud rates. 16.9344 digital audio systems - DAT, MiniDisc, sound cards; 256x 48 kHz (28 x 48 kHz). Also allows integer division to common UART baud rates up to 38400. 12.288 Used in compact disc digital audio systems and CDROM drives; allows binary division to 44.1 kHz (256x 44.1 kHz), 22.05 kHz, and 11.025 kHz 11.2896 used in radio transceivers; mixes with 10.7 MHz subcarrier yielding 455 kHz signal, a common second IF for FM radio and first IF for AM radio[1] 10.245 allows integer division to 1024 kHz and its halves (16 kHz, 32 kHz, 64 kHz...) 9.216 PAL B/G/H color subcarrier (2x 4.433618 MHz) 8.86724 UART clock (4x 1.8432 MHz); allows integer division to common baud rates 7.3728 PAL B/D/G/H/I and NTSC M4.43 color subcarrier 4.433618 Real-time clocks, clearly divides to 1 Hz signal (222 x 1 Hz) 4.194304 allows binary division to 1 kHz (212 x 1 kHz) 4.096000 allows binary division to 100 Hz (32768x 100 Hz, or 215 x 100 Hz) 3.2768 UART clock; allows integer division to common baud rates up to 38400 2.4576 UART clock; allows integer division to common baud rates 1.8432 Real-time clocks, allows binary division to 1 Hz signal (215 x 1 Hz); also often used in low-speed low-power circuits 32.768 kHz Primary uses Frequency (MHz) 本章主要内容:产生CLK信号和对CLK信号进行整容的3种电路 1. 施密特触发器（其实是一种特殊的门电路） 特点是有两个门限电压。如图其电压传输特性曲线的比较 2. 单稳态触发器，状态包括一个稳态和一个暂稳态，简称暂态 VT 滞回特性 Mono-stable/ one shot Bi-stable VT- VT+ 3. 多谐振荡器，状态包括两个暂稳态，产生CLK信号。 4. 重点内容： (1) 555定时器工作原理 (2) 用555定时器构成3种电路的方式 (3) 参数计算 A-stable 10.5.1 555定时器的电路结构与功能 10.5 555定时器及其应用 R’ S’ 电