流行病学教学课件下载样章ppt流行病学.ppt

流行病学教学课件下载-样章.ppt流 行 病 学EPIDEMIOLOGY 第一章 绪论 Chapter One Introduction 第一节 概述Introduction 流行病学 Epidemiology 是一门发展十分迅速的学科。早期的流行病学重点是研究人类疾病尤其是传染病的分布和频率，以后扩展到研究疾病的分布和频率的决定因素。当代著名流行病学家Rothman认为：病因和预防是一个硬币的两面。现代流行病学则更强调了流行病学作为应用学科在预防中的应用，以及作为方法学在医学中所起的不可替代的作用。流行病学是公共卫生的核心科学。它不仅是预防医学中的主导学科，也是现代医学的一门重要的基础学科。流行病学是扎根于生物学、逻辑学和哲学的一门科学。 第一节 概述Introduction Definition The scientific study of epidemics and epidemic diseases, especially the factors that influence the incidence, distribution, and control of infectious diseases; the study of disease occurrence in human populations. The statistical study of the distribution and determinants of disease in populations. The study of a disease that deals with how many people have it, where they are, how many new cases develop, and how to control the disease. 第一节 概述Introduction Definition Epidemiology is the science devoted to the statistical study of categories of persons and the patterns of diseases from which they suffer, with the aim of determining the events or circumstances causing these diseases. Study of the distribution of disease, or other health-related states and events in human populations, as related to age, sex, occupation, ethnicity, and economic status in order to identify and alleviate health problems and promote better health. 第一节 概述Introduction Definition Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems (Last 2001). Epidemiology is the scientific study of factors affecting the health and illness of individuals and populations, and, in this capacity, it serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of the publics health. 第一节 概述Introduction 流行病学定义为：“流行病学是研究疾病和健康状态在人群中的分布及影响因素，以及制订和评价预防、控制和消灭疾病及促进健康的策略与措施的科学”。 该定义的基本内涵有四点：①研究对象是人群，是研究所关注的具有某种特征的人群； ②它不仅研究各种疾病，而且研究健康状态；③研究重点是疾病和健康状态的分布及其影响因素；④最终目的是为控制和消灭疾病及促