中枢兴奋药是提高中枢神经系统功能的药物课件.ppt

氨苯蝶啶Triamterene Pteridine Chemical name: 2,4,7 - triamino -6 - phenyl Pteridine Properties: odorless, tasteless, slightly soluble in water Mechanisms: impact the cation exchange at distal convoluted tubule, blocking Na + reabsorption and K + excretion, but also have side-effects of hyperkalemia. 呋塞米furosemide Chemical Name: 2 - [(2 - furylmethyl) amino] -5 - (ammonia sulfonyl) -4 - chlorobenzoic acid Properties: aqueous sodium solution, produce green precipitate with CuSO4 Alcohol solution give red solution with dimethylamino-benzaldehyde. Mechanisms: belong to Sulfonamide diuretics, inhibit renal carbonic anhydrase activity, cause increasing emission of Na +, HCO3-and H2O. Metabolism: mainly excretion by prototype. Applications: acute left heart failure, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency. synthesis * Chapter 5 Central Nervous Stimulant And Diuretics 5.1 central nervous stimulants 中枢兴奋药是提高中枢神经系统功能的药物，对呼吸中枢有较明显的选择作用。用于抢救各种危重疾病及中枢抑制药中毒引起的呼吸抑制。 Central stimulant is the drug to improve the function of the central nervous system. It has more selective to respiratory center and is used for emergency treatment of critical diseases and respiratory center inhibition poisoning caused by central inhibitors. 5.1.1 Alkaloids Central nervous stimulating: caffeinetheobrominetheophylline Heart stimulating and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation: theophyllinetheobrominecaffeine 5.1.2 Amides Nikethamide and piracetam 5.1.3 other konds else Meclofenoxate hydrochloride 5.2 Diuretics 按效能分为三类 高效能利尿药：髓袢升支粗段髓质部和皮质部 中效能利尿药：髓袢升支粗段皮质部，远曲小管前段 低效能利尿药：近曲小管，远曲小管后段，皮质集合管 Divided into three categories according to performance: High-performance diuretics Medium-performance diuretics Low performance diuretics 5.2.1 The discovery and development of diuretics 5.2.2 Sulfa diuretics ----Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 碳酸酐酶体内将二氧化碳和水合成碳酸，碳酸解离出的氢离子在肾小管与钠离子交换促进钠离子重吸收，当碳酸酐酶作用被抑制后，碳酸的形成减少，使得肾小管内可与钠离子交换的氢离子减少，增加钠离子的排出量。 Carbon dioxide and water