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PowerPoint Template /see161 Contents Hot Tip How do I incorporate my logo to a slide that will apply to all the other slides? On the [View] menu, point to [Master], and then click [Slide Master] or [Notes Master]. Change images to the one you like, then it will apply to all the other slides.  In the past few years, reformers have embraced a disarmingly simple idea for fixing schools: Why not actually flunk those students who dont earn passing grades? Both Democrats and Republicans have begun attacking the practice of social promotion--shuttling bad students to the next grade, advancing them with peers even if they are failing. Make F truly mean failure, the movement says. Last week in Los Angeles, the reformers learned just how ornery the current system can be. According to a plan released Tuesday by the L.A. school district, ending social promotion there will take at least four years, could cost hundreds of millions of dollars--and probably would require flunking about half the districts students. Thats a pessimistic assessment, but its not just bureaucrats caterwauling. Rather, L.A. school superintendent Ruben Zacarias was an eager convert to the crusade against social promotion. In February he unveiled an ambitious plan to end unwarranted promotions in five grades during the 1999-2000 school year--a full year ahead of the timetable set by a state law. At the time, Zacarias acknowledged that his goal would be hard to meet. He estimated that as many as 6 of every 10 students would flunk if they had to advance on merit. Zacarias wanted to spend $140 million in the first year alone to help these kids. Why so much? Because a mountain of research shows that ending social promotion doesnt work if it just means more Fs. Kids who are simply forced to repeat grades over and over usually dont improve academically and often drop out. Zacarias wanted more tutoring, summer school and intensive-learning classes. Unqualified students wouldnt rise to the next grade; nor wo