人教版高中英语选修八第2讲unit1Alandofdiverity语法篇.docxVIP

第2讲A land of diversity 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握名词性从句的结构与功能；2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。一. 概述：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二. 分类（一）主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连词有：that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose1.常规主语从句，既复合句在句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains is unknown.(6)What we need is time.注：连词位于句首不能省略2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较（为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末）It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.　我对你成功与否不感兴趣。用it 作形式主语的结构:(1) It is ＋名词＋从句It is a fact that … 事实是…...It is an honor that ...…非常荣幸It is common knowledge that ...…是常识(2) It is ＋形容词＋从句It is natural that… 很自然…...It is strange that… 奇怪的是…...(3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that… 似乎…...It happened that… 碰巧…...It appears that… 似乎…...(4) It ＋过去分词＋从句It is reported that… 据报道…...It has been proved that… 已证实…...It is said that… 据说…...3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.（3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it wil