无刷直流电动机制系统分析.doc

摘 要 无刷直流电动机是新型机电一体化电机，其鲜明的特征和使用技术越来越受到关注，已成为微特电机明显的发展趋势。采用综述的方法介绍了无刷直流电动机控制技术的研究意义，总结了国内外无刷直流电动机控制技术的研究现状和研究成果，随着控制理论和控制技术的发展，无刷直流电动机在调速范围、转矩脉动、系统鲁棒性等性能方面都在不断提高。 永磁无刷直流电动机在快速性、可控性、可靠性、体积小、重量轻、节能、效率高、耐受环境和经济性等方面具有明显的优势，故在当今国民经济各个领域，如医疗器械、仪器仪表、化工、轻纺以及家用电器等方面的应用日益普及。 本文在对永磁无刷直流电动机控制系统的发展及应用综述的基础上，详细的介绍了无刷直流电动机的结构和工作原理，给出了其数学模型，其中包括：电压方程，反电动势，转矩方程，机械特性，调节特性，工作特性，然后介绍了无刷直流电动机主电路工作方式，详细的阐述了位置传感器方法，包括有位置传感器和无位置传感器，最后阐述了无刷直流电动机的控制方法。 关键词：PID控制 ；PWM控制 ；有位置传感器控制 ；无位置传感器 ；智能控制 ABSTRACT Brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) is the new integrated macaronis motors with more and more focus on its technology characteristic and practical application. It also has become the development tendency of small and special electrical machinery. The significance of the control technology research of brushless direct current motor is introduced in the article. The present condition and research achievement on the control technology of brushless DC motor both at home and abroad are summarized .With the improvement of the control theory and technology, the performance of robustness of system, torque ripple, and speed range have all been improved. The Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor has many advantages by its characteristics such as fast response ,easiness to control ,reliability ,smaller volume ,lighter weight ,energy saving ,high efficiency ,high adaptability in rough environment and low cost etc .Because of all above these merits ,it has been used more and more in lots of field including the medical machine ,instruments and meters ,chemical industry ,spinning industry and home electrical machines. In this paper, the permanent magnet brushless DC motor control system for the development and application reviewed on the basis of detailed introduction of a brushless DC motor of the structure and working principle, given its mathematical models, including: voltage equation, Anti-electromotive force, torque equation, mechanical properties and regulating characteristics, work characteristics,