学术英语词汇与阅读-2.ppt

Results showed that the number of unreported accidents was significantly higher than the number of reported accidents. There was an average of 2.48 unreported accidents for every accident reported to the organization. Further, under-reporting was higher in working environments with poorer organizational safety climate or where supervisor safety enforcement was inconsistent. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving accident under-reporting and occupational safety in the workplace. The ENP role in all three countries is gradually establishing itself, yet there are shared concerns over how the role is regulated and deficits in standardisation of scope of practice and educational level. Together these issues generate confusion over what the ENP role embodies. One method of demystifying the ENP role would be to progress towards international standards for regulation, education and core components of practice. Methods: The present study used data from the Smoking Toolkit Study, a series of population-based surveys of smokers and recent ex-smokers in England aged 16 years and older. Among the 11,772 smokers identified at baseline (24.4% of the total sample), this study focused on the 4234 participants (36.0% of current smokers) who reported between one and three quit attempts in the past year. Results: There was a strong trend for quit attempts that lasted for shorter periods of time to fail to be reported. After three months, 90.1% of those lasting less than one day, 63.7% of those lasting between a day a one week, and 38.9% of those lasting between one week and one month failed to be reported. Conclusion: A large proportion of unsuccessful quit attempts fail to be reported, particularly if they only last a short time or occurred longer ago. Therefore, population estimates of quit attempts based on retrospective data may be considerable underestimates and estimates of the success of quit attempts may be overestimates. Future r