Electrochemistry - Community College of Rhode Island：电化学-罗得岛州社区大学.ppt

Electrochemistry Chapter 4 4.4 and 4.8 Chapter 19 19.1-19.5 and 19.8 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Electron Transfer Reactions Many redox reactions take place in water. Half-reactions OILRIG Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidizing Agent- a substance that accepts electrons from another substance, causing the other substance to be oxidized. Reducing Agent- a substance that donates electrons to another substance, causing it to become reduced. Oxidation Number Oxidation Number- the number of charges the atom would have in a molecule (or an ionic compound) if electrons were transferred completely. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g) 0 0 +1 -1 Assigning Oxidation Numbers Redox Titrations Oxidizing agent/Reducing Agent Equivalence point reached when reducing agent is completely oxidized by the oxidizing agent. Indicator is needed Redox Titrations Electrochemistry Branch of Chemistry that deals with interconversion of electrical and chemical energy. Importance Use of electricity in everyday life Interconversion of energy Study of electrochemical processes Balancing Redox Equations Simple reactions easy to balance Complex reactions Usually encountered in laboratory Can include CrO42-, Cr2O72-, MnO4-, NO3- and SO42- Follow balancing guidelines Balancing Redox Reactions Guidelines Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation for the reaction in ionic form. Step 2: Separate the equation into two half-reactions Step 3: Balance each half-reaction for number and type of atoms and charges. (Look at medium) Step 4: Add the two half-reactions together and balance the final equation by inspection. The electrons on both sides must cancel. (Be sure they are equal) Step 5: Verify that the equation contains the same type and numbers of atoms and the same charges on both sides of the equation. Galvanic Cells Oxidation-Reduction Reaction Oxidizing agent and Reducing agent are not in contact External conducting medium Galvanic Cell/Volatic Cell- the experimental apparatus for generating el