Endodontics Definition Clinical and anatomical structure ：牙髓病学的临床和解剖结构的定义.pptVIP

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Endodontics Definition Clinical and anatomical structure ：牙髓病学的临床和解剖结构的定义.ppt

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Endodontics Definition Clinical and anatomical structure ：牙髓病学的临床和解剖结构的定义

Common errors in canal preparation ? Incomplete debridement : working length short, missed canals. ? Lateral perforation : often occurs as a result of poor access. ? Apical perforation : makes filling difficult. ? Ledge formation : can be very difficult to bypass. Apical transportation (zipping) A file will tend to straighten out when used in a curved canal and straightening can transport the apical part of the preparation away from the curvature. The use of flexible files reduces the likelihood of this happening. Elbow formation When apical zipping happens, a narrowing often occurs coronal to this in the canal such that the canal is hourglass in shape. This narrowing is termed an elbow. Strip perforation A perforation occurring in the inner or furcal wall of a curved root canal, usually towards the coronal end. SOME ENDODONTIC PROBLEMS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT Fractured instruments. Sometimes it is possible to get hold of the fractured portion with a pair of fine mosquitos. If not, insertion of a fine file beside the instrument may dislodge it. Should the fractured piece be lodged in the apical portion of the canal it may be better to fill the canal below it and keep it under observation, resorting to an apicectomy as a last-ditch solution. Fractured instrument removal. Ultrasonic vibration may be used to facilitate fractured instrument removal.The clinician must take care to ascertain the type of metalic obstruction because nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel respond differently to ultrasonic vibration. Direct ultrasonic vibration causes NiTi to fragment, so the clinician must work carefully around the fragment. Stainless steel is more resistant to vibration and responds to it by subsequently loosening. Ultrasonic vibration is applied directly to stainless steel files. Fine inserts can be used to work counter-clockwise around broken instruments. This technique often results in an “unscrewing” action that assists in removal. Recurrent sympt