Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases非传染性疾病的流行病学.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Total Prevalence of Diabetes in the United States, All Ages, 2002 Total: 18.2 million people--6.3 percent of the population--have diabetes. Diagnosed: 13 million people Undiagnosed: 5.2 million people Prevalence of diabetes in Arab World Diabetes Risk Factors Diabetes complications Diabetes Complications * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Hypertension affects one in four adults, putting them at higher risk for heart attacks, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, macular degeneration and stroke. It is often termed the silent killer because as many as 35% of those who have hypertension do not realize it. More than 60% of all women over age 65 have hypertension. Women over age 75 are much more likely to develop the disease than men.. Coronary heart disease ( CHD) is the leading cause of death in Industrialized countries CHD is also called Ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease . These are several disorders that reduce the blood supply to the heart muscle . The underlying impairment is the atherosclerosis which remains sub clinical . High risk groups: Men have a higher CHD mortality rates than women twice for men than women , never the less, CHD is the single greatest mortality risk in women : 3 times the risk of breast cancer. Age : CHD is the leading cause of death for men and women over 65 years of age. For men- major increases in CHD begin in 35-44 year age group. For women – marked increase is delayed until after menopause Sub- clinical CHD is more prevalent in older than younger persons. Black women die at a higher rate than white women from CHD The Asians in American have approximately half( ?) the CHD mortality than white Americans. Risk factors: Coronary risk factors are modifiable and non-modifiable . Modifiable : Most important factors are : elevated blood cholesterol physical in activity smoking Non- modifiable risk factors are : Ethni